1 Hour / 1 CE

On Demand | Self-Paced Professional Training

This on-demand professional training program on Sanism Separate from Other Biases is presented by Michael Perlin, JD, and Heather Ellis Cucolo, JD, in partnership with the Mental Disability Law and Policy Associates (MDLPA).

In this program, the presenters explain the pervasiveness of sanism in all aspects of the forensic mental disability law process -- from arrests and the charging process through forensic witness assessments through pretrial, trial, and appeals stages, and most importantly, through all aspects of the courtroom trial process with particular focus on the roles of prosecutors, defense counsel, judges, and court personnel. 

This program is intended for professionals at any stage in their careers. Persons who would benefit from this training include attorneys, mental health care workers, clinicians, and anyone who works in the criminal justice field and encounters persons with a mental, developmental, or intellectual disability. Environments include correctional facilities, courtrooms, academic institutions, hospitals, and private practice.

Learning Objectives

Upon completion of this training, participants will be able to:

  • 1 Describe the meaning of sanism and how it permeates all of forensic mental disability law
  • 2 Describe how sanism is similar and dissimilar from other social biases
  • 3 Describe how the use of cognitive heuristics and false "ordinary common sense" exacerbates sanism's harms
  • Intended Audience

    This training is intended for professionals who work at the intersection of law, mental health, and the criminal justice system, particularly those who encounter individuals with mental, developmental, or intellectual disabilities in their roles. It is especially relevant for those specializing in forensic mental health, legal advocacy, or related disciplines.


    Examples of Relevant Professionals:
    • Attorneys and legal professionals
    • Mental health professionals
    • Forensic mental health specialists
    • Criminal justice professionals (e.g., probation officers, correctional staff)
    • Academic and hospital staff involved in law or mental health
    • Private practice professionals working with justice-involved individuals
  • Experience Level

    This training is appropriate for licensed and pre-licensed mental health professionals at all experience levels.

    • Beginner: Participants new to forensic mental disability law or the concept of sanism will gain foundational knowledge about the definition of sanism, its pervasiveness in the legal process, and its distinction from other social biases.

    • Intermediate: Participants with some experience in forensic or clinical settings will deepen their understanding of how sanism manifests in judicial processes, recognize its impact on various legal roles, and explore the influence of cognitive heuristics and "ordinary common sense."

    • Advanced: Participants with extensive experience in forensic mental health or legal practice will critically analyze case law, evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic jurisprudence, and identify best practices for addressing and eliminating sanism in diverse professional environments.
  • Practice Setting

    Format the Professionals practice in interdisciplinary legal, clinical, and criminal justice environments serving individuals with mental, developmental, or intellectual disabilities. Their work spans the full forensic process—from arrest and charging through evaluations, pretrial, trial, and appeals—with close collaboration among courtroom stakeholders and treatment teams.


    Examples of Practice Settings:
    • Courtrooms and court administration offices
    • Correctional facilities and probation/parole offices
    • Forensic hospitals, psychiatric units, and emergency departments
    • Community mental health clinics and diversion programs
    • Legal aid and public defender offices, prosecutor agencies
    • Problem-solving/therapeutic courts (mental health, drug, veterans)
    • Academic institutions, research centers, and teaching hospitals
    • Private practice serving justice-involved clients

Presented By

Heather Ellis Cucolo, JD Owner, MDLPA

Heather Ellis Cucolo is Distinguished Adjunct professor of law and the facilitator of the joint JD/MA program with John Jay College of Criminal Justice, at New York Law School (NYLS). She is also an adjunct professor in the JM Program at Emory University School of Law, and a Fellowship faculty member at Albert Einstein College of Medicine. In addition to those roles, Professor Cucolo is co-owner of Mental Disability Law and Policy Associates, a legal education and professional training company, and was elected to the board of trustees for the International Society of Therapeutic Jurisprudence, a non-profit organization. Formerly, in her full-time legal practice, Professor Cucolo dedicated her career to representing individuals at trial facing civil commitment under both the New Jersey Mental Hygiene Law and New Jersey’s Sexually Violent Predators Act. She authored and argued appeals before the New Jersey Appellate Division with over 27 reported decisions. She has published four textbooks and over 21 law review articles with mentions in an Eastern District of New York court decision and an Iowa appellate decision. She was honored to receive the Otto L. Walter Distinguished Writing Award for two consecutive years in 2018 and 2019. Professor Cucolo’s international work has included: expert testimony on extradition from the United Kingdom to the United States for persons convicted of a sex offense; pro bono advocacy for LawAid International; speaking at the United Nations on the rights of persons with disabilities in the Asia-Pacific region; and the creation of an instructional course on disability legislation for attorneys in Japan.

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Heather  Ellis Cucolo, JD

Presented By

Michael L. Perlin, JD Professor of Law Emeritus at New York Law School (NYLS)

Michael L. Perlin is Professor of Law Emeritus at New York Law School (NYLS), founding director of NYLS’s Online Mental Disability Law Program, and founding director of NYLS’s International Mental Disability Law Reform Project in its Justice Action Center. He is also the co-founder of Mental Disability Law and Policy Associates. He has written 31 books and nearly 300 articles on all aspects of mental disability law, many of which deal with the overlap between mental disability law and criminal law and procedure.

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Michael L. Perlin, JD

Training Outline

Key topics covered in this training include:

  • What is sanism? How does sanism intersect with cognitive heuristics and false "ordinary common sense? How is sanism similar and dissimilar to other biases Examples of sanism and interactivity demonstrating common perceptions of vulnerable populations

  • Sanism in the judicial process What are the results of its impact on the forensic judicial process? How does it affect each "player" in the forensic process? Highlight particular case law that demonstrates sanism's impact on persons with a mental disability or developmental disability

  • What is therapeutic jurisprudence?How does therapeutic jurisprudence serve as the best means for responding to sanism? What are the best practices for eliminating sanism?

CE Sponsorship Information

Palo Alto University, Continuing & Professional Studies (CONCEPT) is approved by, recognized by, or maintains sponsorship provider status with the following boards and agencies. We maintain responsibility for all content in our CE/CPD programs. For more information, visit here. 

  1. American Psychological Association (APA): Approved sponsor of continuing education for psychologists.

  2. Association of Social Work Boards (ASWB): Approved continuing education provider (ACE program, Provider #1480), 11/22/2023–11/22/2026.

  3. Canadian Psychological Association (CPA): Approved to sponsor continuing education for psychologists.

  4. National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC): Approved Continuing Education Provider (ACEP No. 7190).



Palo Alto University, Continuing and Professional Studies (CONCEPT) is approved by the American Psychological Association to sponsor continuing education for psychologists. Palo Alto University, Continuing and Professional Studies (CONCEPT) maintains responsibility for this program and its content. Palo Alto University, Continuing and Professional Studies (CONCEPT), is approved by the Canadian Psychological Association to offer continuing education for psychologists. Palo Alto University, Continuing and Professional Studies (CONCEPT), SW CPE is recognized by the New York State Education Department’s State Board for Social Work as an approved provider of continuing education for licensed social workers #SW-0356 and the New York State Education Department’s State Board for Mental Health Practitioners as an approved provider of continuing education for licensed mental health counselors. #MHC-0073. Palo Alto University, Continuing and Professional Studies (CONCEPT) has been approved by NBCC as an Approved Continuing Education Provider, ACEP No. 6811. Programs that do not qualify for NBCC credit are clearly identified. CONCEPT Professional Training, #1480, is approved to offer social work continuing education by the Association of Social Work Boards (ASWB) Approved Continuing Education (ACE) program. Organizations, not individual courses, are approved as ACE providers. State and provincial regulatory boards have the final authority to determine whether an individual course may be accepted for continuing education credit. CONCEPT Professional Training maintains responsibility for this course. ACE provider approval period: 11/22/23-11/22/26. Social workers completing this course receive (clinical or social work ethics) continuing education credits.

We are proud to partner with

Mental Disability Law and Policy Associates (MDLPA)

Mental Disability Law and Policy Associates (MDLPA)

We are proud to partner with Mental Disability Law and Policy Associates, LLC for this training. MDLPA is a boutique educational training company that offers specialized mental disability law consulting, the creation or enhancement of distance learning programs, in-house or online courses, and day or weekend training seminars to reputable organizations, educational institutions, professional groups, and advocacy groups focused on providing advanced knowledge and skills to persons working with marginalized populations.