1 Hour / 1 CE

On Demand | Self-Paced Professional Training

This on-demand professional training program on Overview: Traumatic Brain Injury and the Law is presented by Michael L. Perlin, JD, and Heather Ellis Cucolo, JD in partnership with Mental Disability Law and Policy Associates (MDLPA).

Individuals with traumatic brain injuries (TBI) have a great risk of becoming justice-involved. Research has established that persons accused of criminal behavior are at a high risk of having traumatic brain injuries that predate the offense with which they are charged. In such cases, there often is no discussion of diversion opportunities or a need for comprehensive evaluation and treatment. Often, expert witnesses assigned to evaluate such individuals have no experience dealing with this specific population, Additionally, attorneys assigned to represent this cohort may not have encountered individuals with TBI before and may not be familiar with behavioral manifestations that could be relevant as a defense or as mitigation in individual cases.

A turn to the principles of therapeutic jurisprudence – focusing on dignity, voice, validation, and voluntariness -- best offers lawyers (and judicial officers) an opportunity to remediate the full range of underlying issues that arise in cases involving variously quality of counsel, incompetency, insanity, death penalty, jury attitudes, perspectives from the bench, probation, and correctional issues. Why therapeutic must be taken seriously as a means of remediating the current untenable situation is discussed.

Learning Objectives

Upon completion of this training, participants will be able to:

  • 1
    Describe the significance of expert testimony in cases involving defendants with TBI and recognize why adequacy-of-counsel is the crucial “hidden” issue in many cases
  • 2 Describe ways that TBI influences legal decision-making in the criminal justice process
  • 3
    Describe the relationship between traumatic brain injury and critical stages of the criminal trial process (including the incompetency status and the insanity defense)
  • 4
    Describe how to apply case law that has developed in this area to the key related questions in death penalty litigation (mitigation, future dangerousness, competency to be executed).
  • Intended Audience

    This training is intended for professionals who work at the intersection of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the justice system, focusing on the assessment, treatment, advocacy, and legal considerations for individuals with TBI who become involved in legal processes. It is designed for those who support and advocate for justice-involved individuals affected by brain injury, providing comprehensive knowledge to enhance their work with this population.

    Examples of Relevant Professionals:

    • Mental Health Professionals (psychologists, psychiatrists, counselors)
    • Social workers
    • Attorneys and legal professionals
    • Judges
    • Criminologists
    • Legal experts
    • Disability rights advocates
    • Neuroscientists
  • Experience Level

    This training is appropriate for licensed and pre-licensed mental health professionals at various stages of experience with TBI and justice-involved populations.

    • Beginner: Participants new to the intersection of TBI and the justice system, with limited or no prior experience working with justice-involved individuals with TBI or applying therapeutic jurisprudence principles.

    • Intermediate: Participants with some experience assessing or treating individuals with TBI in legal or forensic contexts, or who have basic familiarity with legal processes and therapeutic jurisprudence but seek to deepen their understanding and application.
  • Practice Setting

    Professionals apply this training within interdisciplinary justice and health systems that serve people with TBI, working across institutional and community-based environments. Practice is trauma-informed and aligned with therapeutic jurisprudence, emphasizing identification, evaluation, mitigation, treatment coordination, and diversion in collaboration with legal and correctional stakeholders.

    Examples of Practice Settings:

    • Trial and specialty courts (criminal, mental health, veterans, drug)
    • Public defender, prosecution, and legal aid offices
    • Judicial chambers and court services (pretrial, problem-solving teams)
    • Jails, prisons, and juvenile detention; correctional healthcare units
    • Probation, parole, and community reentry programs
    • Forensic hospitals and secure neurobehavioral units
    • Community mental health and neurorehabilitation clinics serving justice-involved clients

Training Instructors:

Michael L. Perlin, JD

Michael L. Perlin is Professor of Law Emeritus at New York Law School (NYLS), where he was director of NYLS’s Online Mental Disability Law Program and director of NYLS’s International Mental Disability Law Reform Project in its Justice Action Center. He is co-founder of Mental Disability Law and Policy Associates and is currently Adjunct Professor of Law, Emory University School of Law, and Instructor, Loyola University New Orleans, Department of Criminology and Justice

Heather Ellis Cucolo, JD

Heather Ellis Cucolo is a Distinguished Adjunct Professor of Law and the facilitator of the joint JD/MA program with John Jay College of Criminal Justice at New York Law School (NYLS). She is also an adjunct professor in the JM Program at Emory University School of Law and a Fellowship faculty member at Albert Einstein College of Medicine.

Training Outline

Key topics covered in this training include:

  • TBI and Justice Involvement
    - Elevated risk of justice involvement among individuals with TBI
    - Research linking TBI to criminally accused populations
    - Lack of attention to diversion, evaluation, and treatment opportunities

  • Challenges in Legal and Forensic Practice
    - Limited expertise of expert witnesses in TBI-related cases
    - Attorneys’ unfamiliarity with behavioral manifestations of TBI
    - Missed opportunities for defense or mitigation

  • Therapeutic Jurisprudence Framework
    - Core principles: dignity, voice, validation, and voluntariness
    - Application to legal and judicial practice

  • Applications Across Legal Contexts
    - Quality of counsel and competency proceedings
    - Insanity defenses and death penalty considerations
    - Jury attitudes and judicial perspectives
    - Probation and correctional implications

  • Why Therapeutic Jurisprudence Matters
    - Addressing systemic shortcomings in TBI-related cases
    - Opportunities to remediate underlying issues in current practice
    - Path toward more humane and effective justice outcomes

We are proud to partner with

Mental Disability Law and Policy Associates

Mental Disability Law and Policy Associates

We are proud to partner with Mental Disability Law and Policy Associates, LLC for this training. MDLPA is a boutique educational training company that offers specialized mental disability law consulting, the creation or enhancement of distance learning programs, in-house or online courses, and day or weekend training seminars to reputable organizations, educational institutions, professional groups, and advocacy groups focused on providing advanced knowledge and skills to persons working with marginalized populations.

CE Sponsorship Information

Palo Alto University, Continuing & Professional Studies (CONCEPT) is approved by, recognized by, or maintains sponsorship provider status with the following boards and agencies. We maintain responsibility for all content in our CE/CPD programs. For more information, visit here. 

  1. American Psychological Association (APA): Approved sponsor of continuing education for psychologists.

  2. Association of Social Work Boards (ASWB): Approved continuing education provider (ACE program, Provider #1480), 11/22/2023–11/22/2026.

  3. Canadian Psychological Association (CPA): Approved to sponsor continuing education for psychologists.

  4. National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC): Approved Continuing Education Provider (ACEP No. 7190).


Sponsorship Approval Statements

Palo Alto University, Continuing and Professional Studies (CONCEPT) is approved by the American Psychological Association to sponsor continuing education for psychologists. Palo Alto University, Continuing and Professional Studies (CONCEPT), is approved by the Canadian Psychological Association to offer continuing education for psychologists. Palo Alto University, Continuing and Professional Studies (CONCEPT) has been approved by NBCC as an Approved Continuing Education Provider, ACEP No. 7190. Programs that do not qualify for NBCC credit are clearly identified. Palo Alto University, #1480, is approved to offer social work continuing education by the Association of Social Work Boards (ASWB) Approved Continuing Education (ACE) program. Organizations, not individual courses, are approved as ACE providers. State and provincial regulatory boards have the final authority to determine whether an individual course may be accepted for continuing education credit. Palo Alto University maintains responsibility for this course. ACE provider approval period 11/22/23-11/22/26. Social workers completing this course receive (clinical or social work ethics) continuing education credits. Continuing and Professional Studies, Palo Alto University, is recognized by the New York State Education Department's State Board for Psychology as an approved provider of continuing education for licensed psychologists #PSY-0103. Palo Alto University, Continuing and Professional Studies (CONCEPT) is solely responsible for all aspects of the programs. Palo Alto University, Continuing & Professional Studies (CONCEPT), is recognized by the New York State Education Department's State Board for Social Work as an approved provider of continuing education for licensed social workers #SW-0356. Palo Alto University, Continuing and Professional Studies, is recognized by the New York State Education Department’s State Board for Mental Health Practitioners as an approved provider of continuing education for licensed mental health counselors. #MHC-0073.