3 Hours / 3 CEs

On Demand | Self-Paced Professional Training

This on-demand professional training program on Case Conceptualization in Juvenile Competency Evaluations is presented by Ivan Kruh, PhD and Christina L. Riggs Romaine, PhD in partnership with The National Youth Screening & Assessment Partners (NYSAP).

The value of an evaluation model is best appreciated through its applied use. This program focuses on applying Grisso’s (2005) Five-Question Juvenile Competence Evaluation Model to a sample juvenile competence case. Evaluation materials for the case are distributed in a manner that parallels a typical evaluation process in many settings, progressing from the initial referral through collateral information gathering and interviewing of the youth. 

Through group and dyadic discussions, participants are guided in the analysis of the data contained in these materials using the organizational structure of the Five-Question Model and then progressively work toward formulating the evaluation opinions essential to adequately informing the court. Effective communication of these opinions to the courts is discussed.

Learning Objectives

Upon completion of this training, participants will be able to:

  • 1 Describe the application of the five-question model in juvenile competence evaluations
  • 2 Describe the types of data needed to form which opinions in the model, as well as where to access those data
  • 3 Describe the step-by-step process for written analysis of the five questions
  • 4 Describe, experience, and work through some of the challenges common to case conceptualization in juvenile competence cases, such as the differentiation of normal developmental immaturity and mental health concerns
  • 5 Describe challenges inherent in conceptualizing juvenile competence cases to the courts
  • Intended Audience

    This training is intended for professionals who work at the intersection of psychology and the legal or security system, particularly those specializing in forensic psychology, juvenile justice assessment, or legal-psychology consultation. It is designed for individuals who provide assessment, consultation, or intervention services within the context of juvenile justice or forensic settings.

    Examples of Relevant Professionals:

    • Mental Health Professionals
    • Forensic Psychologists
    • Juvenile Justice Consultants
    • Law Enforcement Officers involved in forensic or juvenile justice work
    • Security Personnel engaged in legal-psychology consultation
    • Legal-psychology Consultants
    • Professionals providing consultation to courts or legal teams
  • Experience Level

    This training is appropriate for licensed and pre-licensed mental health professionals at various stages of experience with juvenile competence evaluations.

    • Beginner: Participants new to juvenile competence evaluations or the Five-Question Model, seeking foundational knowledge and practical exposure to applied evaluation processes.

    • Intermediate: Participants with some experience in forensic or juvenile evaluations, aiming to deepen their skills in data analysis, case conceptualization, and effective communication of findings to the court.

    • Advanced: Participants with substantial experience in juvenile forensic evaluations, looking to refine their application of the Five-Question Model and address complex challenges in case formulation and court communication.
  • Practice Setting

    Format Practice occurs in legally oriented, multidisciplinary environments that interface with juvenile justice decision-making, where structured juvenile competence evaluations proceed from referral through collateral review, youth interviewing, analysis, and communication of opinions to the court. Work is guided by Grisso’s Five-Question Juvenile Competence Evaluation Model and emphasizes rigorous data synthesis, collaboration with legal stakeholders, and adherence to forensic ethics and security protocols.

    Examples of Practice Settings:

    • Juvenile courts and court-affiliated evaluation clinics
    • Juvenile detention centers and probation departments
    • Forensic mental health units or hospitals
    • Community clinics serving court-involved youth
    • Law enforcement behavioral health or forensic consultation units

Training Instructors:

Ivan Kruh, PhD

Dr. Kruh specializes in the conduct and coordination of evaluations of juvenile competency to proceed (JCTP) and has co-authored two manuals with Thomas Grisso regarding creation of state standards for these evaluations. He has provided training, quality assurance and technical assistance for a variety of state agencies nationally since 2010, all aimed at supporting the day-to-day provision of high quality juvenile forensic mental health evaluations.

Christina L. Riggs Romaine, PhD

Dr. Riggs Romaine studies juvenile’s comprehension of the Miranda warning, juvenile competency to stand trial, juvenile transfer, and risk in juveniles and young adults. She has worked with juvenile justice stakeholders across the country on projects ranging from local consultation and technical assistance to system-wide policy development, training and implementation in the areas of juvenile competence to stand trial and risk/needs assessment for dispositional planning.

Training Outline

Key topics covered in this training include:

  • Introduction to Applied Evaluation Models
    -Value of applied use in understanding the model
    -Overview of Grisso’s (2005) Five-Question Model

  • Case-Based Application
    -Distribution of sample juvenile competence evaluation materials
    -Process mirroring real-world evaluations:
    -Youth interview

    -Initial referral
    -Collateral information gathering

  • Structured Analysis Using the Five-Question Model
    -Group and dyadic discussions of case data
    -Systematic application of the model’s framework

  • Formulating Evaluation Opinions
    -Development of opinions essential for court use
    -Integration of findings into clear, defensible conclusions

  • Effective Communication with the Court
    -Strategies for presenting opinions in a court-appropriate manner
    -Ensuring evaluations are informative and useful to legal decision-makers

We are proud to partner with

National Youth Screening & Assessment Partners (NYSAP)

<center>National Youth Screening & Assessment Partners (NYSAP)

The National Youth Screening & Assessment Partners (NYSAP) is a technical assistance and research group dedicated to helping juvenile justice and related programs nationwide. Since 2000, NYSAP has assisted juvenile justice systems to make decisions about adolescents that are consistent with youths’ health and positive development and with the community’s interests by helping systems use reliable, evidence-based methods for screening and assessment. We provide training, technical assistance, and quality implementation services to agencies and programs in the areas of risk screening and risk-needs assessment, behavioral health screening, and competence to stand trial evaluations.

NYSAP professionals have played a key role for 25 years in research on juveniles’ competence to stand trial and in developing juvenile competence standards for forensic clinical practice, law, and policy. In response to the growing demand for juvenile competence evaluations nationally, we provide consultation to assist agencies in developing or refining their juvenile competence service delivery system, as well as creating and conducting quality assurance procedures. We train clinicians and juvenile justice stakeholders (e.g., judges, attorneys, and community partners) in practice standards for conducting high-quality juvenile competence evaluations.

CE Sponsorship Information

Palo Alto University, Continuing & Professional Studies (CONCEPT) is approved by, recognized by, or maintains sponsorship provider status with the following boards and agencies. We maintain responsibility for all content in our CE/CPD programs. For more information, visit here. 

  1. American Psychological Association (APA): Approved sponsor of continuing education for psychologists.

  2. Association of Social Work Boards (ASWB): Approved continuing education provider (ACE program, Provider #1480), 11/22/2023–11/22/2026.

  3. Canadian Psychological Association (CPA): Approved to sponsor continuing education for psychologists.

  4. National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC): Approved Continuing Education Provider (ACEP No. 7190).


Sponsorship Approval Statements

Palo Alto University, Continuing and Professional Studies (CONCEPT) is approved by the American Psychological Association to sponsor continuing education for psychologists. Palo Alto University, Continuing and Professional Studies (CONCEPT), is approved by the Canadian Psychological Association to offer continuing education for psychologists. Palo Alto University, Continuing and Professional Studies (CONCEPT) has been approved by NBCC as an Approved Continuing Education Provider, ACEP No. 7190. Programs that do not qualify for NBCC credit are clearly identified. Palo Alto University, #1480, is approved to offer social work continuing education by the Association of Social Work Boards (ASWB) Approved Continuing Education (ACE) program. Organizations, not individual courses, are approved as ACE providers. State and provincial regulatory boards have the final authority to determine whether an individual course may be accepted for continuing education credit. Palo Alto University maintains responsibility for this course. ACE provider approval period 11/22/23-11/22/26. Social workers completing this course receive (clinical or social work ethics) continuing education credits. Continuing and Professional Studies, Palo Alto University, is recognized by the New York State Education Department's State Board for Psychology as an approved provider of continuing education for licensed psychologists #PSY-0103. Palo Alto University, Continuing and Professional Studies (CONCEPT) is solely responsible for all aspects of the programs. Palo Alto University, Continuing & Professional Studies (CONCEPT), is recognized by the New York State Education Department's State Board for Social Work as an approved provider of continuing education for licensed social workers #SW-0356. Palo Alto University, Continuing and Professional Studies, is recognized by the New York State Education Department’s State Board for Mental Health Practitioners as an approved provider of continuing education for licensed mental health counselors. #MHC-0073.